A Convolutional Wasserstein Distance For Tractography Evaluation: Complementarity Study To State-Of-The-Art Measures

Evaluation and comparison of tractograms are crucial and open problems that need to be solved in order to evaluate the false positives rate and variability of tractography algorithms. In this context, a lot of measures have been developed and are typically used to judge the quality of a tractogram. It is however unknown how much they capture the same information on the difference between tractograms and thus if they are redundant or complementary. In this work, we perform a quantitative analysis of the most common measures, both on simulated data and in real circumstances. We also propose a new evaluation measure based on optimal transport theory. We show that, when used in conjunction, these measures can provide a more in depth comparison of tractograms and thus a more complete evaluation.